How Is The Theme Of Suffering Shown Throughout All Three...

How is the theme of suffering shown in all three poems? Chinua Achebe’s sonnet is a story of a defiant mother, in a poorly kept refugee camp loving and caring for her ill son whose death is inevitable. The theme of suffering is prominent across the whole poem. For instance the mother’s son who is suffering in pain and will eventually die, this is shown in the poem when it says, ‘she soon would have to forget’, this statement suggests that her son is dying and that she will soon have to move on. Not only that the mother is suffering due to the fact she herself is starving this shown when there is a sudden ellipsis in the paragraph, the ellipsis is a projection of her own thoughts being interrupted due to the fact that she is suffering from hunger. The mother would also be suffering from distraught and stress due to her circumstances. The villanelle is structured quite freely and flows without interruption. The tone softens as the poem goes on this is to represent the fact that the boy is dying. Soft language is u sed towards the end such as, ‘a ghost smile’ also, ’flowers’ which lay on his somewhat of a grave. I used the word somewhat due to the fact that his grave is describe as, ‘tiny’ which suggests that his grave is not designated to his size. The boy has suffered enough and even in his grave the boy’s body will be suffering due to the lack of space and a proper burial. The villanelle that is War photographer is about a war photographer that seems to care about doing goodShow MoreRelated Exile And Pain In Three Elegiac Poems Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a great similarity between the three elegiac poems, The Wanderer, The Wife of Lament, and The Seafarer. This similarity is the theme of exile. Exile means separation, or banishment from ones native country, region, or home. During the Anglo Saxon period, exile caused a great amount of pain and grief. The theme is shown to have put great sadness into literature of this time period. The majority of the worlds literature from the past contains the theme of exile.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Maya Angelous Caged Bird1341 Words   |  6 Pagesrights, fair play, justice, are all like air: we all have it, or none of us has it.† This quote was taken by the poet Maya Angelou, who stressed the idea of equality in many of her works. One of her poems being, â€Å"Ca ged Bird.† In the poem the poet references two birds; one who is trapped in a cage, and the other bird who is free. Growing up as an African American in the 1920’s Angelou faced many hardships. She suffered many racial prejudices, and her writing reflects how cruel her society was. When AngelouRead MoreTragic fall of Icarus--compares the myth and how it relates to Musee des Beaux Arts, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, and Waiting for Icarus.1166 Words   |  5 Pages The story of Icarus is a classic Greek myth that has fascinated people all over the world. The tale of his demise has been retold many times throughout history. The myth has been honored in art, songs, poetry and by literature artists, with one apparently inspiring the other to explore the tale in one different approach or another. Three of the most appealing of these versions of the tale of Icarus can be found in the poems Musee des Beaux Arts by W. H. Auden, Landscape with the Fall of IcarusRead More`` The Beat Goes On, I Am Your Host, By Caleb Argent, And Today1629 Words   |  7 Pagesand today we will be going on a journey of reflection as we analysis the power words have in evoking human emotion through poems and modern songs alike. Poetry has been motivating, inspiring and inviting people to reflect on themselves for centuries. It has made people look back on the errors of their ways and come to terms with their mistakes. Poetry has the power to do all this because of the way the words within are written. Poets in the Romantic age (1800-1850) were very avant-garde minded andRead MoreSuicide in the Trenches Analysis Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesis war like? How do soldiers feel in a war? Glorious? Depressed? This poem accurately shows the harsh but sadly true reality of war - death, suicide and depression. Indeed, as quoted by Sir Williams Henry - â€Å"Nobody in his right mind would enjoy war†. The point of view is third person. This is effective in showing one case of suicide, in third person observation, representing the depression and desire to quickly die in everyone else. Life is really worse than death - and this is shown through theRead MoreThe Friendship, By William Shakespeare And Friendship `` By Ralph Waldo Emerson1346 Words   |  6 PagesThese two poems are the â€Å"Friendship Sonnet† by William Shakespeare and â€Å"Friendship† by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The poems talk about the idea of friendship and what it means to them separately. These poems are kind of different in nature. One poem talks about how great it is to have a friend and that friend will care for you for eternity. The other poem is talking about a friend that he has lost and this makes him so sad that he cannot take it anymore. In these two poems they use a different type ofRead MoreThe Jim Crow Laws Stranglehold On The American People1247 Words   |  5 PagesSeparate but equal. These three words were used to justify the countless lynchings, riots, as well as legal segregation. The Jim Crow laws stranglehold on the American people was slowly diminishing. The racist regimes which dictated that African Americans be granted the basic rights but not a thing more, only perpetuated the idea of keeping the African Americans as second class citizens, was slowly coming to a close. Langston Hughes could not accept to be thrown into being a second class citizenRead MoreDante s Inferno, By Dante899 Words   |  4 PagesIn Dante’s Inferno, one chapter of three in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy, the main protagonist of the poem, Dante frequently uses romance and love as one of the main themes to express his message and vision of Hell he portraits in the story. Dante’s Inferno is an epic poem about a recounting of Dante and his incredible journey through Hell and its many levels while he is being guided by Virgil. In the story, Hell is shown to have nine levels of suffering depending on what kinds of sin you committedRead MoreThe Themes of Love and Loss in My Last Duchess, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, When we Two Parted, and Villegiature1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe Themes of Love and Loss in My Last Duchess, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, When we Two Parted, and Villegiature Works Cited Missing The poems, My Last Duchess, La Belle Dame Sans Merci and When We Two Parted and Villegiature by Robert Browning (1812-1889), John Keats (1795-1821), Lord Byron (1788-1824) and Edith Nesbit (1858-1924) respectively, have all been written in the nineteenth century. All these poems deal with the different aspects of love and the different Read MoreChildhood Innocence Is Veiled By Joy And Ignorance1722 Words   |  7 Pagesthat children seem to have masked over them is the importance of reality and how simplistic matters such as having electricity, food on the table, and a place to live is not given but earned. The luxury of the having a home and food can be expected from a child’s mind considering they have no worries about how they will pay the rent or pay the bills for the electric company. Children have no worries or comprehension of how the adults world works but do understand a sense of adult actions influencing

The Iliad and Greek Heroes - 1500 Words

The Iliad is an epic tale of war and heros within the Greek way of life. A predominant and consistent theme of honor and glory reside throughout the poem. The motivation for any Homeric Greek is glory, or Kleos, that is to be honored and respected among their people. Emphasis is put on living by the heroic code. Honor is essential to the Greeks and life would not be worth living without it. When a warrior or hero is advised to avoid risking their life in battle it almost drives them even further towards the deed. It is better to be killed in action rather than to live and be thought a coward. By our rational standards one would certainly not be thought a coward if they didnt rush into battle to almost†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the Greeks always remember their heros and would respect and honor that warrior for the rest of their lives. A Homeric hero wins glory by performing great deeds, the memory of which will outlive him For instance, an athlete in ancient times would be taken care of and all his basic needs met if he were to win a medal in competition. Hunting was another way for someone to achieve Kleos, however no methods were greater and looked upon with more respect than defeating your enemies in battle. Achilleus felt some shame in letting his good friend Patroclus die in battle while wearing his armor. He refused to eat or drink and deprived his body of any satisfaction until he got a chance to avenge his loyal friends death. He finally did so by risking his own life and taking on Hektor in the great individual battle. Hektor had the chance not to risk orphaning his son, but Hector knew that fighting among the front ranks represents the only means of winning his father great glory, he says. Paris, on the other hand, chooses to spend time with Helen rather than fight in the war; accordingly, Homer and the other characters treat him with less respect and honor. The characters prize so highly the inherited values of honor, noble bravery, and glory that they willingly sacrifice the chance to live a longShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Iliad of Homer and Greek Heroes1495 Words   |  6 Pages The Iliad is an epic tale of war and hero’s within the Greek way of life. A predominant and consistent theme of honor and glory reside throughout the poem. The motivation for any Homeric Greek is glory, or â€Å"Kleos†, that is to be honored and respected among their people. Emphasis is put on living by the heroic code. Honor is essential to the Greeks and life would not be worth living without it. When a warrior or hero is advised to avoid risking their life in battle it almost drives themRead MoreDevine Interaction: Greek Mythology Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn Greek mythology and literature, the Gods are always present in some shape or form. It has been recorded in ancient Greek literature that the Gods interacted with mortal humans quite often. Nothing would change a mortal human’s life more than interacting with the Gods. What is the reason for such events? The Olympian Gods constantly intervene with the mortals, but what is the cause? The Gods show their power over mortal men through divine interaction, physically and psychologically. The GodsRead MoreHeroes Found in the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer767 Words   |  3 Pages In Greek culture it is customary to find a very strong social prototype in society , especially in men, heroes are usually found in every story, such is the case of the literary works of the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer. Homer’s poems reflect the qualities that should be found on men of this stage, these were predominantly heroic values. Is Homer building an ideal world through his poems? Is he writing about the quiet desires of every man and woman of Greece from these times? The idealRead MoreThe Impact of Classical Literature on Machiavellianism Essays1442 Words   |  6 PagesMuch of what we know today of Greek culture was passed on through history via The Iliad by Homer. The Greeks, one of the earliest recorded civilizations that our species is aware of, had a large influence on the Roman Empire and by extension most of the civilizations of our known history. Through history and different cultures, there are various stories of heroes and heroism, and it seems that the definition of heroism has changed frequently since classical antiquity. â€Å"Goddess, sing the rage ofRead MoreThe Epic Poem Of Troy1356 Words   |  6 Pages The Ancient Greek History is famous for its many fascinating civilization and great heroic people surrounding the history. Iliad portrays the siege of a dynamic ancient Greek epic poem of Troy, which is attributed to Homer. Adventurous and braveness with god-like qualities is used to describe the ancient classic Gree k heroes in this poem. Iliad is now known as one of the aged surviving ancient Greek epic poems, which directly relates to the events near the end of Trojan War. HeroicRead MoreThe Song Of Roland And The Iliad933 Words   |  4 Pages The Song of Roland and The Iliad are both epics that represent the cultural viewpoints of medieval France, and Ancient Greece, respectively. The Song of Roland, based on historical fact, details the heroism of one of Charlemagne’s knights, Roland, when fighting against an overwhelming force of foreigners to defend the rear of Charlemagne’s army. In comparison, The Iliad accounts the triumphs of Achilles during the mythical Trojan Wars to win possession over the beauty of Helen. Despite similaritiesRead MoreHomeric Vs. The Iliad1654 Words   |  7 PagesHomeric View of War in the Iliad Being a milestone for all ancient Greek Literature, the Trojan War was discussed and narrated in many different works, most notably Homer’s epic poem the Iliad. Depicting a classical style of mass battle, Homeric warriors were thus treated equally as fighters, but were disregarded in the text in order to illustrate the sheer power of the heroes and leaders. Every warrior was just another piece of the phalanx, which is why the army was so withstanding of attackRead MoreA Dynamic Greek Epic Poem Iliad1354 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Greek History is very well known as fascinating due to its many civilization and great heroic people surrounding their history. A dynamic Greek epic poem Iliad portrays the siege of Troy, attributed to Homer. Adventurous and braveness with god-like qualities describe an ancient classic Greek hero in this poem. Iliad is known now as one of the oldest in two surviving ancient Greek epic poems relating the events near the end of Trojan War. Hero’s are known as important figures inRead MoreComparison between The Iliad and The Women of Troy Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Iliad by Homer and the Women of Troy by Euripides are both Greek works of literature that look at the Trojan War from different perspectives. Book 6 of the Iliad illustrates that the ultimate glory is to fight for the city with no regard to the impact on the family. The Women of Troy focuses on the negatives that war causes, especially towards the soldier’s wives and children. Whereas the Iliad focuses on the battle itself and centers on the warriors, the Women of Troy focuses on the wrathRead MoreThe Role Of Women And Their Influence On The War1446 Words   |  6 PagesNevertheless, another vital component in The Iliad is the role of women and their influence on the war and their association with different characters. Scholar Mary R. Lefkowitz, disputes that ladies had some freedom and were under the supervisions of man. Th e scholar inscribes: In the Homeric epics, women seem to have little independence; they were always under the guardianship of a man, whether a husband, father, or even a son. Wives must live in their husband’s cities; women like Chryseis or Briseis

Harmonization And Statement Comparability -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Harmonization And Statement Comparability? Answer: Introducation The audit fees included in the operating expenses comprises of service charges for tax compliance services, advisory services linked with accounting standards and crisis management training and cyber security training as these are the additional services provided by the auditors. The wages and salary that is included in the operating expenses of the company includes the salaries drawn by the Chief Executive Officer, General Manager (Sales and Marketing), General Manager (Technical) and Chief Financial Officer which are $255000, $223000, $185000 and $181000 respectively. The members of the staff draw salary in between the range of $121000 to $110000 (as per NZ IAS 27). The income tax that is deducted from the profit before tax leads to the final net profit that is further deducted from the retained earnings (as per NZ IFRS 10). The net profit is added to the retained earnings of the year of 2016 and then the amount of total is arrived at. This is done because this gives the amount of profit that is incurred in a particular financial year including the dividend that has to be paid to different stakeholders of business (as per NZ IFRS 10). The interim dividend and final dividend paid is subtracted from the retained earnings in order to get the final amount of revenue that is really incurred by a company in the financial year (as per NZ IFRS 10). In the statement of changes in equity the share capital in the year of 2017 increases by the amount of $17000. This is because in the year of 2017 new share capital was issued by the company. This also indicates the fact that the company is doing enough profit and its reputation among the investors is increasing which is why more shares are purchased by them. Thus the new increased share capital becomes $157000. Again the net profit is added in the same way as in the year of 2016 for the same reason and the total amount is arrived at (as per NZ IFRS 10). In the balance sheet of the company the total current asset of the company is recorded, that is the assets that are used by the firm in the daily operations of business. In note 10 the accounts receivable is recorded. It is generally a current asset . In note 11 the provision for impairment of trade receivables is recorded as a current asset, as this is a provision that offsets the accounts receivables in the financial the non-current assets are recorded. These assets are non-current in nature that is they are not used in the course of day to day operations of business. The accumulated amortization is recorded under the head of non-current assets and it is always a negative figure, hence subtracted (as per NZ SIC 32). The same goes for accumulated impairment goodwill and it is also a negative figure hence subtracted (as per NZ SIC 32). The inventory or stock in hand has been recorded under non-current assets. The inventory is evaluated either on the base of lower cost or on the basis of net realizable value. At the end of the financial year of 2017, finished goods became 30% and raw material became 25% and the remainder became work in progress (as per NZ SIC 32). The investment at cost is recorded under non-current assets and essentially represents the cost incurred while making investments. At the date of balance the investment at cost of the company was valued at an amount of $8820000. This was done in accordance with the IFRS 9 standards (as per NZ SIC 32). The PP and E represents the property and equipment. In regarding to this it was decided by the directors that land and building with a developed historic cost should be subjected to revaluation as at 30th June, 2017. The Land and Building was revalued separately at $1550000. The current liabilities are incurred or generated in the day to day course of a business thus is current in nature (as per NZ IFRS 10). The GST Liability refers to the liability that is kept aside by the company for the purpose of paying the goods and services tax (as per NZ FRS - 43). The Income Tax payable or the income tax expenses come down to $11260000 which is payable by the company and therefore is recorded under current liabilities (as per NZ FRS - 43) There are two borrowings done by the company. Firstly the company has arranged for a mortgage loan on the basis of land and buildings. Secondly a bank loan has been obtained by the company from the Westpac Bank. The company also can avail the facility of bank overdraft of $100000 (as per NZ FRS - 43).the mortgage is included in the borrowings as mentioned above. The asset revaluation reserve is the reserve that is kept aside for the purpose of reserving the revalued amounts of assets. It is also included in the statement of equity (as per NZ FRS - 43). He issued and paid up capital is the total amount of share capital that is required to distribute among the shareholders. It was decided by the company that a final dividend of 25 cents per share would be paid (as per NZ FRS - 43). The retained earnings in the provided in the trial appears twice. Once in the Equity section ofthe balance sheet and another time in the statement of equity (as per NZ FRS - 43). References Biondi, Y. (2014). Harmonising European public sector accounting standards (EPSAS): issues and perspectives for Europes economy and society. Accounting, Economics and Law, 4(3), 165-178. Brown, P., Preiato, J., Tarca, A. (2014). Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 41(1-2), 1-52. Cordery, C. J., Simpkins, K. (2016). Financial reporting standards for the public sector: New Zealand's 21st-century experience. Public Money Management, 36(3), 209-218. De Silva, T. A., Stratford, M., Clark, M. (2014). Intellectual capital reporting: a longitudinal study of New Zealand companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 15(1), 157-172. Ellwood, S., Newberry, S. (2016). New development: The conceptual underpinnings of international public sector accounting. Public Money Management, 36(3), 231-234. Habib, A. (2015). The new Chinese accounting standards and audit report lag. International Journal of Auditing, 19(1), 1-14. Jones, R., Caruana, J. (2014). A perspective on the proposal for European public sector accounting standards, in the context of accruals in UK government accounting. Accounting, Economics and Law, 4(3), 265-282. Newberry, S. (2014). The use of accrual accounting in New Zealands central government: Second thoughts. Accounting, Economics and Law, 4(3), 283-297. Stent, W., Bradbury, M. E., Hooks, J. (2017). Insights into accounting choice from the adoption timing of International Financial Reporting Standards. Accounting Finance, 57(S1), 255-276. Wang, C. (2014). Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer. Journal of Accounting Research, 52(4), 955-992.

Stem Cell Research an Example of the Topic Education and science by

Stem Cell Research Should the United States Allow Stem Cell Research? From scientific obscurity to moral and ethical pre-eminence, stem cell research; or more specifically embryonic stem cell research, has risen to become one of the major ethical and moral hazards in the 21st century. The controversies are linked to the potentialities carried by this highly advanced technology. At the basic, the controversies are driven by the fear that stem cell research may be used to clone human beings as a way of providing designer stem cells whose uses are as wide as the potential of the technology (Lind & Tamas 50). Need essay sample on "Stem Cell Research" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Controversies range from the need to offer protection to the sanctity and respect for life together with a set of associated ethical and legal considerations. On the other hand, the technology possesses the ability to conquer so many debilitating diseases and conditions. It is on this latter basis, that Ill pose my support for the need for the government to allow stem cell research to go on. Just four years ago, Mr. Steve Rigazio was a normal, happy young man operating his business with the enthusiasm and ambition so common among young successful entrepreneurs. Now he forms the statistics of people diagnosed with Lou Gehrigs disease; a devastating disease that affects the spinal cord nerve cells, causing muscles to wither and die off quickly. Just like everybody else diagnosed with this condition, the doctors gave him 18 months of life. Two years after diagnosis Steve is still alive and his doctors are baffled. No need to mention he quit his job and even though the disease is ravaging his body, his mind is contact. His vibrancy is a stark contrast to his gradual deterioration unto death. Just in the same neighbourhood in which Steve lives are two beautiful girls; twelve years of age struggling with juvenile diabetes since they were barely four years old. With thousands of pricks on their skins, life is completely unbearable. Miles away in New York is Anne; a twenty three year old young woman buoyed down with Alzheimers. Steve, Anne, the twins and millions of Americans suffering from these genetic degenerative diseases has been forced to watch their approaching deaths with utter hopelessness. Yet hidden in this hopelessness is the understanding that despite the moral, ethical and political undertones, stem cell research may offer them the only remaining hope for a meaningful life. We should allow stem cell research to offer relief to millions of Americans suffering from these diseases. These stem cells are pluripotent and in some cases totipotent primordial cells. Embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into many different human cell types. Their cell lines are immortal implying that scientists can culture them indefinitely hence creating a limitless supply of cells for different purposes. It is no secret, owing to the avalanche of scientific literature, that stem cells are greatly instrumental in the treatment of genetic degenerative diseases. Alzheimers, juvenile diabetes and Lou Gehrigs disease are just a few of these diseases. However, for embryonic cells to be fully exploited for therapeutic purposes they have to be destroyed and their destruction, elicits mixed reactions with regard to the personhood of the embryo. A majority of opposition to stem cell research is driven by the understanding that embryos are human beings and their destruction is a violation of the respect and dignity to life. Thus, embryos are defenceless human beings. Destroying them for the benefit of other human beings is unethical and immoral. Even though embryos and fully developed human beings are arguably genetically similar, they do no in essence possess attributes and capacities that are considered in the definition of personhood. Embryos cannot be defined in terms of consciousness, sentience and reasoning and yet the existence of these attributes in the realm of humanity is what defines personhood. The position that stem cell research mercilessly destroys defenceless human beings fails to recognize the inevitability of the wastage of embryos in the natural process. It is thus ironical, that we should leave such embryos to go into wastage if there is in existence a beneficial use to humanity. Considering the broad objective of scientific research as a tool of offering humanity relief from such diseases, it is extremely unethical to prevent such a technology from meeting the therapeutic demands of this age. The fears that it may be misused hence leading to disastrous consequences for humanity is null and void in the presence of strictly instituted legislations. Many scientists predict that stem cell research present as the only option in the treatment of damaged cells, tissues and even organs. Additionally, stem cell research is useful in studying embryo development, testing pharmaceuticals for safety and developing new techniques in gene therapy. All these potentials are halted by the governments cut on funding and overall restriction of stem cell research. Stem Cell Research Foundation (STRF) predicts that if fully legalized, stem cell research create novel treatment for the 4 million Alzheimers disease patients, 8 million cancer patients, 250,000 patients with spinal cord injuries, 43 million with arthritis and 58 million Americans suffering from heart diseases (Hayry et al 101). Despite the restrictive nature of federal funding and the current nature of the US policy on stem cell research, stem cell research is underway as various sets of federal regulations regulate facets of the research (NRC 79). In many other countries, the therapeutic potential of stem cell research is being appreciated by permitting and public funding stem cell research projects. This is not only detrimental to the global leadership of American researchers but the fact that the research is being carried elsewhere, in some cases without proper regulatory and standards, poses as a threat to the same supposed moral or ethical considerations that slow down the pace of research in America. Since the therapeutic potential of stem cell research has been proven and reproduced by a multitude of researchers, the United States should instead focus on instituting regulatory framework necessary for the full operation of stem cell research. The tide of current controversy should be stopped as it has only served to pert attention from the real issues. Without ignoring the gravity of the ethical and moral questions, analysis should instead focus on the fundamental issue: that of saving millions of human lives from debilitating diseases. Works Cited Hyry, M., Takala, T., Herrisson-Kelly, P., CAPRON, A. M. Ethics in Biomedical Research: International Perspectives Rodopi, 2007; 100-105 Lind, S. N., Tamas, I. B. Controversies of the George W. Bush presidency: pro and con documents. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007; 49-53 NRC. Guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, National Research Council (U.S.), Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). National Academies Press, 2005; 79-80

The Jungle (1390 words) Essay Example For Students

The Jungle (1390 words) Essay The JungleThe JungleBy Upton SinclairThe Jungle portrays the lower ranks of the industrial world as the scene of a naked struggle for survival. Where workers not only are forced to compete with each other but, if they falter, are hard pressed to keep starvation from their door and a roof over their heads. With unions weak and cheap labor plentiful, a social Darwinist state of the survival of the fittest exists. The real story revolves around the integration and eventual disintegration of Jurgis Rudkis and his family, Lithuanian immigrants who move to the Chicago stockyards in hopes of a better life. Unfortunately, their hopes quickly disintegrate; like thousands of other unskilled immigrants at the turn of the century, financial necessity forces them into virtual slave labor in order to survive. For Jurgis and his family, the slave master is the ruthless and greedy meat packing industry, whose leaders value their workers no more than the animals they slaughter. We will write a custom essay on The Jungle (1390 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Jungle shows the relationship between the animals that were being slaughtered and the workers who were slaughtering them, from very early in the novel. It compares the workers to the animals who are penned up and killed every day in the stockyards, which are moved along on conveyer belts by machinery that cares nothing for their individual desires. In the monotonous killing of each of the hogs, They had done nothing to deserve it; and it was adding insult to injury, as the thing was done here, swinging them up in this cold blooded, impersonal way, without a pretense of apology without the homage of a tear.(Pg. 35) The key comparison is the condition of the workingmen; as cold, efficient machinery assimilates them, a blind fate swallows them up. A few of the men are even swallowed up literally when they would fall into huge vats and emerges as Durhams Pure Leaf Lard. (Pg. 99) The Jungle also shows precisely how wounded, diseased, and pregnant animals are turned into food under jus t the same unhealthy conditions that soon leave healthy men wounded and diseased; There was no heat upon the killing beds; the men might as well have worked out of doors all winter?. On the killing beds you were apt to be covered with blood, and it would freeze solid; if you leaned against a pillar, you would freeze to that, and if you put your hand upon the blade of your knife, you would run a chance of leaving your skin on it. (Pg. 79 ; 80) Grotesque injuries were inevitable, injuries for which the company would rarely take responsibility. While a man was laid up his family could starve or freeze to death, and after a series of such injuries, if he survived, he would be too crippled to go on doing the work. When Jurgis is healthy and overflowing with life, he gets a job immediately. When he becomes an empty husk of his former self he is reduced to beggary. Even among beggars he finds a jungle of savage competition, in which the truly needy are often at a disadvantage. And each of them had an individuality of his own, a will of his own, a hope and a hearts desire; each was full of self-confidence, of self-importance, and a sense of dignity. (Pg. 35) Here is another part of the story that shows the relationship between the animals and the people of packing town. Immigrants with peasant backgrounds, and even migrants from Americas own rural regions, are especially ill equipped to survive the urban jungle because of their stubborn individualism. Jurgis relies on his own strong back to carry his family, to cope with inhuman work, but he simply becomes a screw in the industrial machine, to be discarded as soon as he shows the signs of being broken. Jurgis and his family are desperate to own something, to be on their own, to make them feel more apart of their new country. To try to make their American dreams come true. .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 , .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .postImageUrl , .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 , .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:hover , .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:visited , .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:active { border:0!important; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:active , .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500 .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucba58510f38e1812125fab4c4d2ea500:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Meet John Doe: Fighting for Social Integrity EssayAnd trusting and strong in faith he had gone about his business, the while a black shadow hung over him and a horrid fate waited in his pathway. (Pg. 35) Jurgis and his family tried as much as they possibly could to hold on to their hopes and dreams of truly succeeding in this town. Jurgis was the worst of all of them with his famous saying Leave it to me; leave it to me. I will earn more money- I will work harder. (Pg. 19) Even after Grandmother Majauszkiene told the family about the history of the house they lived in. How each of the families came in with the same hopes and dreams. Each time only being crushed by the jung le that they lived in. (pg. 65) Jurgis and his family were not going to give up they were going to be the ones who defeated the odds that were up against them. They were going to rise on top of this whole mess and live to tell the stories of the way it used to be. Each of them not realizing what they were in for, not knowing what the jungle had up its sleeve. Now suddenly it had swooped upon him, and had seized him by the leg. Relentless, remorseless it was; all his protests, his screams, were nothing to it-it did its cruel will with him, as if his wishes, his feelings, had simply no existence at all; it cut his throat and watched him gasp out his life. (Pg. 35) This passage, explaining the brutality of the slaying of the animals in the stockyards, also shows how similar the lives of the workers or the people of packing town were to the animals being killed. The passage also resembles the turning point in Jugis life when everything seems to fall apart. Starting from when Jurgis sprains his ankle and all the cursing and protesting did him nothing. Leaving him paralyzed and helpless from doing any sort of good for his family. Like the thumbscrew of the medieval torture chamber(pg. 109) the jungle starts to squeeze its grip around Jurgis neck when he finds out that the love of his life, Ona, has passed away trying to give birth to her superv isors baby. Then to finish him off, squeezing out his last breathe of air, his son, little Antanas drowns out in the street while playing outside, taking away the only thing left that was precious to him. And now was one to believe that there was nowhere a God of hogs, to whom this hog personality was precious, to whom these hogs squeals and agonies had a meaning? Who would take this hog into his arms and comfort him, reward him for his work well done, and show him the meaning of his sacrifice? (Pg. 36) This passage represents after all Jurgis went through, after all the work, pain, and suffering he has lived there had to be something out there for him. There had to be something to show him the meaning of his sacrifices. It is then that he happens upon a Socialist political meeting. At this point, Jurgis truly is a beaten man. However, when he listens to the political speaker, he finds that he expresses the essence of all his pain and frustration. He takes Socialism to his heart, believing that it is the only political philosophy that can save his kind. They were so innocent, they came so very trustingly; and they were so very human in their protests-and so perfectly within their rights!(Pg. 35) This is exactly how each of the immigrant families came over to America just like the hogs, cattle, sheep and many other animals that came into to the stockyards of Chicago only to find that a shadow of a deadly fate was awaiting their arrival. Each family arrived with hopes and dreams of succeeding in this free country were they could work for honest wages and live peacefully, but with each dream and hope came death and despair. It was a huge rat race, in which it was every man for himself, but not even the strongest could survive in this urban jungle for only the wealthy and corrupt were the ones who made it to the top. Book Reports

Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools

Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools Through the study of Sheikhan Hemmati (2011), it is seen that Hopfield networks act as a means for researchers to understand the processing and retrieval of memory in human beings (Sheikhan Hemmati, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reason behind this is connected to the concept of memory vectors which are utilized as a way in which patterns are conceptualized, retrieved then subsequently pieced back together in order to create a somewhat synonymous pattern as its original conception. As an analytic tool, this helps researchers to better understand how memories are retrieved and then combined to create the thoughts and actions that we have at the present. What must be understood is that while cognitive psychology has enabled researchers and students alike to understand how memory works, there is still a gap in knowledge in being able to see so to speak how memories from a variety of different memory vectors are combined into what we know as memory. This is where Hopfield networks come into play, they are designed as an artificial neural network from which the input of content utilizing a variety of learning rules are implemented so as to understand how they would be applicable in a human neural network. Through this, psychologists are better able to understand the processes that go into learning and potentially discover new methods that could help to resolve learning impairments or even improve the process of learning as a whole. One possible theoretical approach to this can be seen in the study of Hsu (2012) which explained that as analytical tool, the Hopfield network can actually be considered an early start to the development of artificial learning networks which could potentially create an A.I. (Artificial Intelligence) (Hsu, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hsu (2012) explains this by stating that over time the processes that go into creation of computers will increasingly attempt to replicate the efficiency and learning ability of the human mind. As such, understanding how learning actually works is the first step to creating an artificial neural network that is independent from outside input and can merely learn on its own. Other potential applications of the network can be seen in the study of Menezes Monteiro (2011) which proposed that the discrete-time neural network proposed by Hopfield can be used for storing and recognizing binary patterns (Menezes Monteiro, 2011). Through their study, which investigated the removal of simulated neurons within the network, helps to show how there is the potential for the use of the Hopfield model to potentially help in the rehabilitation of individuals that suffer from memory loss as a direct result of da mage to some part of their brain which would impact either their short term or long term memory. For example, one model for understanding the processes involved in working memory is the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) multi-component model which states that working memory operates via a system of slave systems and a central controller which supervises the transmission and coordination of information (RepovÃ…   Baddeley, 2006). Despite understanding how memory works and is retrieved to a certain extent, it is still unknown what processes go into combining it to create what we know of as working memory. The Hopfield model helps to resolve this issue by presenting a â€Å"rough sketch† of what we perceive of as a model of a neural network in order to understand that processes may go into the individual memory vectors resulting in present day learning mechanisms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Use of Hopfield Networks as Analytic Tools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One example of this process at work can be seen in the astronomical charts and models that are used to represent the present day solar system. While they are not 100% accurate in terms of correctly showing how the planets move, they do give a rough approximation of positions and processes thereby enabling a better understanding of the process as a whole. The same can be said of Hopfield networks wherein researchers are aware that they are not a 100% accurate method of understanding the complexities of neural networks and the processes that go into them. However, by gaining a rough idea of how such mechanisms work in the first place, researchers are able to know how they work and through such discoveries enable the creation of more accurate models and theories regarding the means and methods of human learning and memory creation. Inherent shortcomings The inherent shortcoming of such a network though lies in the fact that intrusions can, and often do occur, and, as a result, it cannot really be stated that Hopfield networks act as a mirror for the associative memory mechanisms of the human brain. On the other hand, studies such as those by Liu, Huang Chen (2012) attempt to explain such intrusions by stating that even in human memory, the retrieval mechanisms are not 100% accurate with the brain filling in so to speak the apparent gaps that occur. It is this filling in process that Liu, Huang Chen (2012) associates with the intrusions within Hopfield networks as the network attempts to conceptualize the initial image it had to work with the jumble that came about as it was processes through the network (Liu, Huang Chen, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The end result is a kind of filled in image that is based on the network trying to fill in the gaps with what information it had available. Thus, for (Martinelli, 2010), the Hopfield network is an accurate representation of a primitive associative memory network (Martinelli, 2010). However, it should also be noted that the degradation of information in the Hopfield network is also explained instances such as the Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) model which explains that all individuals utilize skilled memory in everyday tasks however most these memories are stored in long term memory and then subsequently retrieved through various forms of retrieval mechanisms (Martinelli, 2010). When these memories are retrieved there is no degradation and in fact the act of daily retrieval actually reinforces the memory. The Hebb learning rule attempts to explain this by stating the learning (as seen in humans or in the case of the Hopfield network) occurs as a direct result of weights strengthening th e retrieval mechanism. Thus, over time and repetition, the accuracy of a retrieved image gets better. Such is the case when it comes to Hopfield networks wherein daily retrieval of the memory does result in a more accurate image. Hopfield Networks and Learned Behavior Based on the article Extended Hopfield Network for Sequence Learning: Application to Gesture Recognition by Maurer et al., it can be seen that Hopfield networks can be utilized in order to model what is known as learned action. It is described as sets of motion that are learned based on observation and mimicry (i.e. shooting a basketball, swinging a baseball bat etc.). However, it must be questioned whether Hopfield networks are an accurate representation of the brain’s learning behavior or if it is merely a vague representation of how information is accurately brought up and translated into action. It is often the case that people associate memories as a collection of neurons and synapses working in conjunction with each other in order to record pertinent information on a daily basis yet few think of the way in which the concept of memory can be comparable to that of a library where information is stored, recorded and categorized based on its type and attributes. In the case of learned behavior, the application of Hopfield model as a means of understanding how the brain works is applicable if we assume that memory vectors within the human mind exist which result in the retrieval mechanism of memories. For example, a memory vector can be considered as a node which connects other memories together that is utilized by a central controller in order to create a distinct action or image. The action of turning on a faucet can thus consist of several nodes where aspects related to vision, mechanical action and grasping are derived and combined by the central controller in order to create the motion of turning on a faucet. This can be seen in the case of the Hopfield networks wherein multiple node s act in order to reproduce the information/image that was inputted into them. One way in which the Hopfield model, as an accurate model for examining the learning behavior of the human brain, has attempted to be proven can be seen in studies as those by Popescu et al., (2012) which explain that the memory models such as those by Ericsson and Kintsch show that it would be impossible to hold so to speak all memories within our working memory rather what occurs is that individuals hold only a few concepts related to a task within their working memory and then use those as indicators to retrieve the information from long term memory (Popescu et al., 2012). As such, the way in which nodes within the Hopfield model work are the same as how memory retrieval mechanisms work in real life wherein what you consider as learned behavior is the result of combined information from various nodes which in turn result in memory that is being sought. Unfortunately, studies such as those by Liu et al. (2011) indicate that while the Hopfield model may seem to be an accurate model of how learning mechanisms work over time, it still fails to properly show the connection between storage and retrieval. What you must understand is that the input mechanism of the Hopfield network is not the same as what is present in the human mind. The nodes in the model essentially receive information from different sources and attempt to create an approximate â€Å"whole† from the collected information. This action does not explain how the memory vectors within the human mind know how to store the correct kind of information (Liu et al., 2011). Despite this, Liu et al. (2011) does state that Hopfield networks are capable of helping us understand how memories are learned and reinforced but not necessarily the mechanisms that enable them to be stored in a variety of possible storage locations. Reference List HSU, W. (2012). Application of competitive Hopfield neural network to brain-computer in terface systems. International Journal Of Neural Systems, 22(1), 51-62. Liu, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, L. (2012). Almost periodic solution of impulsive Hopfield neural networks with finite distributed delays. Neural Computing Applications,  21(5), 821-831. Liu, W., Fu, C., Hu, H. (2011). Global exponential stability of a class of Hopfield neural networks with delays. Neural Computing Applications, 20(8), 1205-1209. Martinelli, G. (2010). A Hopfield neural network approach to decentralized self- synchronizing sensor networks. Neural Computing Applications, 19(7), 987-996 Menezes, R. R., Monteiro, L. L. (2011). Synaptic compensation on Hopfield network: implications for memory rehabilitation. Neural Computing Applications, 20(5), 753-757 Popescu, D., Amza, C., LÄÆ'ptoiu, D., Amza, G. (2012). Competitive Hopfield Neural Network Model for Evaluating Pedicle Screw Placement Accuracy. Strojniski  Vestnik / Journal Of Mechanical Engineering, 58(9), 509-516. RepovÃ…  , G. G., Badde ley, A. A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience,  139(1), 5-21. Sheikhan, M. M., Hemmati, E. E. (2011). High reliable disjoint path set selection in mobile ad-hoc network using Hopfield neural network. IET Communications,  5(11), 1566-1576.

Works of Karl Marx and Georg Simmel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Works of Karl Marx and Georg Simmel - Essay Example The so-called "commodity fetishism," as Marx (1976) tell us, is the fact that a "definite social relation between men themselves' assumes here, for the, the fantastic form of a relation between things, [or] to the producers' the social relations between their private labours appear' as material relations between persons and social relations between things." (p. 165) This concept was conceived wherein humans are the real actors whose social relationality was obscured in the reified commodity form. (Brah & Coombes 2000, p. 116) The concept of "autonomy of objective culture", on the other hand, is Simmel's characterization of the prevalence of monetary relations in modern society. Here, he is suggesting that, paradoxically, it is the fact that money empowers us that accounts for the fragmentation of subjective life and that monetary freedom is abstract and devoid of substance because it becomes alive and valuable only through being incorporated into the substance of real social relations. (Dodd 1999, p. 38) This principle by Simmel is, in a way, an extension of Marx's commodity fetishism to cultural production in line with the idea that objective culture exists in an autonomous realm that follows an immanent developmental logic. Here, the commodity, money and capital - with money as the "consummate fetish" of money making more money - appear in such a way that they are immediately present on the surface of the bourgeois society but their immediate being is pure semblance. (Simmel 200p, p. xxvi) The comparison of the commodity fetishism and autonomy of objective culture is best illustrated in Marx and Simmel's discourse on money, the aesthetic sphere and freedom. On Money A common ground between Marx and Simmel is their extensive discourse on money and its effects on culture. Marx utilized the Shakespearian theme of money in Timon of Athens wherein it was said that money is an unnatural power which converts the morally bad into the morally good, the antisocial becomes social and that the ugly becomes beautiful. In Shakespeare's Timon of Athens, Timon talked about his gold: Thus much of this will make black, white; foul, fair; Wrong, right; base, noble; old, young; coward, valiant' Thou common whore of mankind, that putt'st odds Among the rout of nations. (Timon of Athens: Act 4, scene 3) Marx adopted this and elaborated more in his effort to illustrate that money is an alien medium - one that conceals the true value of labor and that it takes upon itself and its possessor qualities that are external to man. To quote: That which money can create for me, that for which I can pay (i.e., what money can buy)- that I, the possessor of the money, am. The extent of the power of money is the extent of my power. The properties of money are the properties and essential powers of me - its possessor. Thus what I am and what I am capable of is in no way determined by my individuality. Therefore I am not ugly, for the effect of ugliness, its power of repulsion, is destroyed by money. I - according to my individual nature - am lame, but money gives me twenty legs, therefore I am not lame. I am wicked, dishonest, unscrupulous, stupid man; but people honour money, and therefore also its possessor. (cited in